A Beginner’s Guide to Russian Personal Pronouns (2022)

Did you know that if you count ALL the Russian pronouns together…

… you’ll find more than 260 pronouns?

That’s a lot of pronouns that you need to remember.

Scary, right? There’s no need to worry though.

Many of them can be ‘deducted’ from adjectives, or used in different situations.

In reality, if you learn the 50 most common pronouns, you’ll get far. The rest you’ll learn on autopilot as you practice other aspects of Russian.

Let’s dive into the overview of all Russian pronouns 🙂

Russian Pronouns Overview

Pronouns in any language are difficult. Since they’ve existed for a long time, most of them are irregular. 

The same goes for the Russian language.

Before we dive into all the tables of the pronouns, let’s first have a quick look again at what pronouns actually are.

Pronouns simply put are words that can be used in place of nouns, so you don’t have to repeat the noun all the time.

Example:

John is traveling to Russia because it is John’s dream to see Moscow and Saint Petersburg. John bought a ticket from Aeroflot in September and John will fly in December. That’s great for John because John has 2 more months to practice his Russian. John is looking forward a lot because finally, John will see his dream in real life.

Sounds stupid and repetitive, right?

Let’s see it with personal pronouns:

John is traveling to Russia because it is his dream to see Moscow and Saint Petersburg. He bought a ticket from Aeroflot in September and he will fly in December. That’s great for him because he has 2 more months to practice his Russian. He is looking forward a lot because finally, he will see his dream in real life.

Sounds a lot more… nice.

So that are pronouns in a nutshell.

In this Russian grammar article, we’ll first discuss the main personal and possessive pronouns (the ones used for persons).

Then we go over some demonstrative pronouns (this and that), and interrogative pronouns (what, who, which).

To spice things up, at the end you’ll find my 5 tips to master Russian pronouns the easy way.

Russian singular personal pronouns

These are the pronouns used for I, you, he, she and it.

As you see in the table, it’s mainly just words you need to memorize.

Don’t worry though. These words are so incredibly common that it’s impossible NOT to know them after a month of daily Russian practice.

As you see in the table below, Russian pronouns have cases. That means that they change according to their function in the sentence.

While English nouns don’t have any cases (anymore), you can still find a couple of cases with English pronouns.

He goes to France.

French people don’t like him. 

See? In both sentences we’re talking about the same person. 

The Russian language does this as well, only 10X more.

Here’s a quick overview of the cases again:

• Russian Nominative case: subject of the sentence. Does the action.
• Russian Accusative case: object of the sentence. The action is done directly to him.
• Russian Genitive case: own of something. Can be translated as ‘’of’’
• Russian Dative case: indirect receiver. Gets the result of the action
• Russian Instrumental case: the action is done with the noun in the instrumental case.
• Russian Prepositional case: indicates the location of the action.

This may sound vague, but it’s a quite complicated thing, that needs a couple 1000 words to explain correctly.

You can read more about Russian cases here)

	I/me	You	He/him	She/ her	It
Nominative	Я	Ты	Он	Она	Оно
Accusative	Меня	Тебя	Его	Её	Его
Genitive	Меня	Тебя	Его	Её	Его
Dative	Мне	Тебе	Ему	Ей	Ему
Instrumental	Мной	Тобой	Им	Ей	Им
Prepositional	Мне	Тебе	Нём	Ней	Нём

Russian plural personal pronouns

The plural pronouns behave exactly the same as the singular pronouns in Russian, except there for we, you plural/polite, and they.

	We, Us	You	They, Them
Nominative	Мы	Вы	Они
Accusative	Нас	Вас	Их
Genitive	Нас	Вас	Их
Dative	Нам	Вам	Им
Instrumental	Нами	Вами	Ими
Prepositional	Нас	Вас	Них

Russian singular possessive pronouns

These Russian pronouns indicate that something is from a person.

мой дом – my house

его страховка – his insurance

This can literally be translated from English.

There’s just 1 little snake under the grass…

… if you said cases, you’re completely right.

Possessive pronouns behave like adjectives. And that means that they also change according to the case the according noun is in.

500 метров до моего дома – 500 meter till my house

Мой changed into моего.

Anyways, check the article I mentioned earlier about cases for more information about this.

Let’s just dive into the table of possessive singular pronouns in Russian.

My/Mine	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.	Plural
Nominative	Мой	Моя	Моё	Мои
Accusative (animate)	Мой Моего	Мою	Моё	Мои Моих
Genitive	Моего	Моей	Моего	Моих
Dative	Моему	Моей	Моему	Моим
Instrumental	Моим	Моей	Моим	Моими
Prepositional	Моём	Моей	Моём	Моих

Your/yours	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.	Plural
Nominative	Твой	Твоя	Твоё	Твои
Accusative (animate)	Твой Твоего	Твою	Твоё	Твои Твоих
Genitive	Твоего	Твоей	Твоего	Твоих
Dative	Твоему	Твоей	Твоему	Твоим
Instrumental	Твоим	Твоей	Твоим	Твоими
Prepositional	Твоём	Твоей	Твоём	Твоих

Russian plural possessive pronouns

Just like with regular Russian personal pronouns, these Russian pronouns are basically: ours, yours, and theirs.

Our	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.	Plural
Nominative	Наш	Наша	Наше	Наши
Accusative (animate)	Наш Нашего	Нашу	Наше	Наши Наших
Genitive	Нашего	Нашей	Нашего	Наших
Dative	Нашему	Нашей	Нашему	Нашим
Instrumental	Нашим	Нашей	Нашим	Нашими
Prepositional	Нашем	Нашей	Нашем	Наших

Your/yours	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.	Plural
Nominative	Ваш	Ваша	Ваше	Ваши
Accusative (animate)	Ваш Вашего	Вашу	Ваше	Ваши Ваших
Genitive	Вашего	Вашей	Вашего	Ваших
Dative	Вашему	Вашей	Вашему	Вашим
Instrumental	Вашим	Вашей	Вашим	Вашими
Prepositional	Вашем	Вашей	Вашем	Ваших

Russian reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are a beast on their own. It will take a while to completely understand how exactly you should use them.

Still, the correct use of them is quite advanced. If you make any mistakes in them, it won’t harm your speech too much.

I’ve done my best to quickly explain when to use them, but each of the reflexive pronouns in Russian requires its own page for a complete explanation.

Personal reflexive pronoun Себя

The pronoun себя means ‘self’. It’s used when the pronoun is the same person/thing as the subject. 

So if you look in the mirror and see yourself, you’d say:

я вижу себя – I see myself

Он часто говорит о себе – he often speaks about himself

Here’s an overview of себя:

	Myself, himself, herself.
Nominative case	—
Accusative case	Себя
Genitive case	Себя
Dative case	Себе
Instrumental case	Себой
Prepositional case	Себе

Possessive reflexive pronoun свой

Свой is being used in approximately the same manner as себя, only now when it indicates possession.

Your friend looks in the mirror?

он видит свое лицо – he sees his (own) face

If you would have said “он видит его лицо”, it would have meant:

He sees his (someone else’s) face.

Still, this is quite advanced. Russians will highly likely still understand what you mean.

Here’s the table for the reflexive possessive pronoun:

My own, his own, her own, their own	Masc.	Neut.	Neut.	Plural
Nominative	Свой	Своя	Своё	Свои
Accusative (animate)	Свой Своего	Свою	Своё	Свои Своих
Genitive	Своего	Своей	Своего	Своих
Dative	Своему	Своей	Своему	Своим
Instrumental	Своим	Своей	Своим	Своими
Prepositional	Своём	Своей	Своём	Своих

Emphatic pronoun Сам

Сам is a fun little word that Russians love to use to emphasize something. It means myself/yourself/himself etc.

я сам выучил русский – I learned Russian myself.

Here’s an overview of how сам changes:

Myself, himself, herself, themselves	Masc.	Fem.	Neut	Plural
Nominative	Сам	Сама	Само	Сами
Accusative (animate)	Сам Самого	Саму	Само	Сами Самих
Genitive	Самого	Самой	Самого	Самих
Dative	Самому	Самой	Самому	Самим
Instrumental	Самим	Самой	Самим	Самими
Prepositional	Самом	Самой	Самом	Самих

Russian demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Russian are used when pointing or indicating something. Just like in English, ‘this’ is used for close things. And ‘that’ is used for things that are further away.

дай это мне – give it to me

Этому человеку нравится пицца, но тому человеку не нравится пицца – This person likes pizza, but that person does not like pizza.

This

	Masc.	Fem.	Neut	Plural
Nominative	Этот	Эта	Это	Эти
Accusative (animate)	Этот Этого	Эту	Это	Эти Этих
Genitive	Этого	Этой	Этого	Этих
Dative	Этому	Этой	Этому	Этим
Instrumental	Этим	Этой	Этим	Этими
Prepositional	Этом	Этой	Этом	Этих

That

	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.	Plural
Nominative	Тот	Та	То	Те
Accusative (animate)	Тот Того	Ту	То	Те Тех
Genitive	Того	Той	Того	Тех
Dative	Тому	Той	Тому	Тем
Instrumental	Тем	Той	Тем	Теми
Prepositional	Том	Той	Том	Тех

Russian determinative pronouns

A determinative pronoun is basically the adjective ‘all’.

он выпил всю воду – he drank all the water

все хотят есть и спать – everyone want to eat and sleep.

Передай всем привет – say hi to everyone

Here are all the Russian determinative pronouns:

	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.	Plural
Nominative	Весь	Вся	Всё	Все
Accusative (animate)	Весь Всего	Всю	Всё	Все Всех
Genitive	Всего	Всей	Всего	Всех
Dative	Всему	Всей	Всему	Всем
Instrumental	Всем	Всей	Всем	Всеми
Prepositional	Всём	Всей	Всём	Всех

Russian interrogative pronouns

These Russian pronouns are used to ask questions. It may be a little difficult to see how words like ‘what’, ‘who’, ‘which’ and ‘whose’ could be used in a different case than the nominative case, so here are some examples:

• о чем ты думаешь? – about what are you thinking?
• кому вы отправили письмо? – to whom did you send the letter?

	What	Who
Nominative Case	Что	Кто
Accusative Case	Что	Кого
Genitive Case	Чего	Кого
Dative Case	Чему	Кому
Instrumental Case	Чем	Кем
Prepositional Case	Чём	Ком

5 Russian Pronouns Tips

That was a lot of new information about Russian personal pronouns. 

It’s a lot to take in at once. 

Luckily, you don’t have to.

Here are my 5 tips/strategies/mindsets to make sure you learn the Russian pronouns correctly.

Time

This is the main thing people need to understand with pronouns in Russian.

It’s a huge amount of information that you, simply put, just need to REMEMBER.

There are no tricks to magically memorize them.

It will take some time.

If you would want to, you’d be able to learn all the Russian personal pronouns in a week or 2 of time.

But you don’t have to.

Simply following any Russian course + watching Russian series + daily speaking practice, will easily teach you all the Russian pronouns in a couple of months.

And the main Russian personal pronouns?

You’ll understand those in less than a week.

Sure, some may not spring to mind right away when you want to.

But they’re just so common that you’ll know them in no-time.

The more difficult stuff such as interrogative pronouns in Russian is rare.

So for those ‘exposure therapy’ might not work.

Then again, they’re rarely used, so you kind of don’t even need to use them in your speech 🙂

Patterns

I challenge you to open this page, and compare normal adjectives with the possessive/demonstrative/interrogative pronouns on this page.

What do you see?

Virtually every ending for them is the same (for the same case/noun gender combination of course!)

That means that if you understand the adjectives for different cases and noun genders, you also understand the pronouns in Russian.

Similarities

You likely already noticed this while going over the tables…

его (his/its), её (her) and их (theirs) don’t change at all. It doesn’t matter in which case they are.

You just use the same possessive pronoun, that you use for the personal pronoun in the accusative and the genitive case.

And what about the other Russian possessive pronouns in the genitive, dative, instrumental, and prepositional cases?

They’re also EXACTLY the same.

So sure, you need to learn a lot of things. But by recognizing these things, you already have virtually half the total information you need to learn.

Mistakes

I don’t mean this in the ‘life wisdom’ sense, that says that making mistakes is one of the best ways to succeed.

No.

I mean it in the literal sense of the words.

Mistakes don’t matter with personal pronouns in Russian.

If you say:

я хочу видеть ты instead of я хочу видеть тебя (correct), everyone will still understand what you mean.

That’s the beauty.

Learning Russian puts you in a very privileged spot, as so few people learn the Russian language.

Russian people don’t care about your mistakes.

So you can take your time to learn the correct pronouns in Russian, while already practicing speaking.

Alright, in this article I’ve tried to convince you to care LESS about Russian pronouns than you think you should.

The biggest problem when you want to learn the Russian language is not speaking enough. 

And overthinking little things is a surefire way to block yourself from getting the necessary speaking practice required to become conversational in the Russian language.

Still, the final tip will be useful to practice memorizing the Russian pronouns:

Engage

One of the best ways to quickly memorize new words and Russian grammar is to actively engage with them.

What do I mean by actively engaging?

That you DO something with them.

It doesn’t really matter what exactly.

One of the easy ways to do something is to simply copy them.

Struggle with the Russian person pronouns in the singular form?

1. take out a sheet of paper
2. write on top of the sheet: “Russian personal pronouns”
3. make 8 columns with 7 rows
4. copy the table below 3 times
5. (bonus) pronounce each word out loud as you speak it

	I/me	You	He/him	She/ her	It
Nominative	Я	Ты	Он	Она	Оно
Accusative	Меня	Тебя	Его	Её	Его
Genitive	Меня	Тебя	Его	Её	Его
Dative	Мне	Тебе	Ему	Ей	Ему
Instrumental	Мной	Тобой	Им	Ей	Им
Prepositional	Мне	Тебе	Нём	Ней	Нём

Do the literal copying for 3 days. It will take you 5 minutes per day, 15 minutes total.

On day 4, switch the paper, and try to reconstruct the table without looking at the correct answers.

If you have less than 75% (3 out of 4) Russian pronouns correct, do another 3 days of copying.

If you have more than 75% of the words correct, you’ve graduated.

The other 25% will come with time and general Russian practice.

You can repeat this for every other table of Russian pronouns if you like.

Enjoy your newfound knowledge of cases 😉